Steven Charlton


Talks

  1. Multiple \(t\) values of maximal height 28/07/26, at 16:30 (Beijing) (online talk) 第五届多重zeta值及相关领域研讨会, The 5th Workshop on Multiple Zeta Values and Related Fields (Online) Central South University 中南大学, Changsha, Hunan Province, China Multiple \(t\) values of maximal height slides
    Abstract:

    Multiple \(t\) values are an analogue of multiple zeta values formed by summing over odd denominators. They can directly be expressed via alternating multiple zeta values, but using motivic methods Murakami proved the surprising fact that any multiple \( t \) value of maximal height (i.e. all entries \(\geq 2\)) is a rational-linear combination of multiple zeta values, no alternation required. In this talk we give an explicit formula (in the manner of Zhao's generalised 2-1 formula), which directly expresses such a multiple \( t \) value of maximal height via multiple zeta values. We will also mention some applications to evaluations of multiple zeta values. This is joint work with Michael Hoffman and Nobuo Sato.

  2. Multiple zeta values and modular forms (speed talk, 5 minute) 22/06/26, at 15:30 (speed talks session) \( \operatorname{Spec}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}(\zeta(3))) \) Fields Institute, Toronto, Canada MZV's and MF's slides
    Abstract:

    A brief introduction to multiple zeta values, the connections to modular forms, and \(\zeta(2,\ldots,2,4,2,\ldots,2)\).

  3. Multiple polylogarithms in weight 6 28/04/26, at 14:00 PleSANT seminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Pleasant zeta limits notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta (star) values are a multivariable generalisation of Riemann zeta values like \(\zeta(2)=\pi^2/6\), \(\zeta(3)\); their arithmetic nature (irrational or transcendental) is still largely conjectural. They play a rather important role in high-energy physics calculations, acting as a bridge between number theory and particle physics. One of the main goals is to understand their algebraic structure, and all of the relations and identities they satisfy.

    I'll discuss some on-going work with Danylo Radchenko, on the limit behaviour of multiple zeta star values, and the applications to understanding some special evaluations, new and old. The motivation comes from a strange conjectural identity for a weight \(8n + 4\) multiple zeta star value as a multiple of \( \pi^{8n+4} \), and its possible generalisations.

  4. Multiple polylogarithms in weight 6 (speed talk, 1 minute) 15/12/25, at 17:00 (speed talks session) Symbology@15 Max Planck Institute for Physics, Garching (bei München), Germany Multiple polylogarithms in weight 6
  5. Dedekind Zeta Values, Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture and depth reductions for multiple polylogarithms 28 November 2025 at 13:15 Number Theory Seminar University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
    Abstract:

    Dirichlet's famous Class Number Formula expresses the residue of the Dedekind zeta function \(\zeta_F(s)\) of a number field \(F\) in terms of important arithmetic information about the number field, including, in particular, the regulator which is a determinant involving logarithms of units of \(\mathcal{O}_F\). Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture extends this to express values of \(\zeta_F(n)\), \(n = 2, 3, 4, \ldots \), in terms of suitable combinations of \(n\)-logarithms, giving `higher' units.

    Goncharov outlined a strategy to tackle Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture, by understanding first the maximal depth multiple polylogarithms and the geometrically defined Grassmannian polylogarithm, before attempting to successively reduce the depth, to reach the classical $n$-logarithm. I will outline some of the history of Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture, and of Goncharov's Programme. I will then briefly discuss some recent developments, including work by Goncharov-Rudenko proving \(\zeta_F(4)\); by C-Gangl-Radchenko on formulas for Grassmannian polylogarithms making this explicit; and some separate work by Matveiakin-Rudenko and by myself which establishes new reductions in weight 6.

  6. Goncharov's programme, and symmetries of weight 6 multiple polylogarithms 14 July 2025, at 17:30 30th Applications of Computer Algebra - ACA 2025
    SS18 - Noncommutative Symbolic Computation
    Cultural Conference Center of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece Goncharov's programme, and symmetries of weight 6 multiple polylogarithms
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms \( \operatorname{Li}_{k_1,\ldots,k_d}(x_1,\ldots,x_d) \) are a class of multi-variable special functions generalising the natural logarithm \( \Li_1(x) = -\log(1-x) \). These functions appear in connection with \( K \)-theory, hyperbolic geometry, values of $L$-functions, mixed Tate motives, high-energy physic, and many other areas.

    One of the main challenges in the study of MPL's revolves around understanding on how many variables a MPL (or `interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (``the depth''). It is well known, for example, that \( \operatorname{Li}_{1,1} \) can already be expressed via \( \Li_2 \), likewise \( \Li_{1,1,1} \) can be expressed via \( \Li_3 \). Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (``the Depth Conjecture'') to determine this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on the special values of the Dedekind zeta function \( \zeta_F(m) \).

    I will give an overview of Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will discuss what is currently known, including recent progress in weight 6. In particular, the conjecture predicts that a certain weight 6 function (essentially a small modification of \( \Li_{4,1,1}(x,y,z) \)) should satisfy the 6-fold dilogarithm symmetries \( \lambda \mapsto \lambda^{-1}, 1-\lambda \) in each variable independently, modulo depth \( \leq 2 \) terms.

    I will then describe the computational background and tools involved in investigating and proving these symmetries. In particular, one has to consider many possible degenerations (to boundary components of \( {\frak M}_{0,n} \)) of the Matveiakin-Rudenko quadrangular polylogarithm functional equations, to iteratively find weaker symmetries of \( \Li_{4,1,1} \) and useful short identities. To investigate higher weight analogues will require a more structure approach and understanding of this degeneration process.

  7. Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms (Goncharov's programme and symemtries of weight 6 multiple polylogarithms) 13 June 2025 Polylogarithms, homology of linear groups, and Steinberg modules SwissMap Research Station, Les Diablerets, Switzerland Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms notes
    Abstract:

    %In his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on the values of \( \zeta_F(m) \), Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion -- the Depth Conjecture -- to determine the depth (number of variables) of a linear combination of multiple polylogarithms using the motivic coproduct. I will give an overview of this conjecture and its implications; in particular this Conjecture explains why all multiple polylogarithms of weight 2, and weight 3 can be expressed via \( \Li_2 \) and \( \Li_3 \) respectively.

    In weight 4, this Conjecture predicts that \( \Li_{3,1}(x,y) \) (rather, some small modification thereof) should satisfy the dilogarithm 5-term relation independently in each variable, modulo depth 1 terms \( \Li_4 \). This was established by Gangl, via an explicit 122-term reduction to \( \Li_4 \)'s, and conceptually understood by Goncharov and Rudenko in their proof of Zagier's Conjecture for \( \zeta_F(4) \).

    In weight 6, Matveiakin and Rudenko were likewise able to show that \( \Li_{4,1,1}(x,y,z) \) (or small modification thereof) satisfies the dilogarithm 5-term in each variable, but only modulo depth 2 and modulo the 6-fold symmetries \( \lambda \mapsto \lambda^{-1}, 1-\lambda \). Goncharov's Depth Conjecture predicts that \( \Li_{4,1,1} \) should also satisfy these symmetries modulo depth 2, but unlike in weight 4, these symmetries proved much harder to establish. I will explain how to explicitly derive these symmetries from the degenerations of the Matveiakin-Rudenko quadrangular polylogarithms to boundary components of \( \overline{\mathfrak{M}}_{0,9}\). This establishes Matveiakin-Rudenko's 5-term reduction unconditionally, and hence Goncharov's Depth Conjecture in weight 6, depth 3.

  8. Multiple zeta values and modular forms (speed talk) 11 June 2025 Queer in Math Day 2025 Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (MPI-MIS), Leipzig, Germany Multiple zeta values and modular forms slides
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values, connections to modular forms, and \( \zeta(2, \ldots, 2, 4, 2, \ldots, 2) \) in 3 minutes.

  9. Multiple zeta values and modular forms (speed talk) 05/05/25, at 16:30 (speed talks session) Asymptotic Counting and L-Functions Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Multiple zeta values and modular forms slides
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values, connections to modular forms, and \( \zeta(2, \ldots, 2, 4, 2, \ldots, 2) \) in 3 minutes.

  10. A panorama of polylogarithms 29 April 2025, at 14:00 Postdoc day Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Postdoc day polylog slides
    Abstract:

    An introductiont to my research in polylogarithms, and its connections elsewhere.

  11. Multiple zeta value evaluations, strange identities, powers of \( \pi \) 14 April 2025, at 16:30 PleSANT seminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Pleasant MZV notes
    Abstract:

    An overview of MZV's, periods, and strange evaluations. How to prove some new ones conceptually, without WZ methods?

  12. Goncharov's programme and depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms 13 March 2025, at 16:00 Algebra seminar National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms slides
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms \( \Li_{k_1,\ldots,k_d}(x_1,\ldots,x_d) \) are a class of multi-variable special functions appearing in connection with K-theory, hyperbolic geometry, values of zeta functions/L-functions/Mahler measures, mixed Tate motives, and in high-energy physics.

    One of the main challenges in the study of multiple polylogarithms revolves around understanding how on many variables a multiple polylogarithm function (or 'interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (''the depth''), as for example \( \Li_{1,1} \) can already be expressed via \( \Li_2 \). Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (''the Depth Conjecture'') for determining this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on values of the Dedekind zeta function \( \zeta_F(m) \).

    I will give an overview of multiple polylogarithms, Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will try to discuss what is currently known, including recent results in weight 6, and what we are still trying to investigate.

  13. Symmetries of multiple \( t \) values. (Parity theorems a la Goncharov.) 28 February 2025 (2月28日), at 16:30 Furusho's seminar Nagoya University 名古屋大学, Nagoya, Japan MtV symmetry, and Goncharov parity, notes
    Abstract:

    I will discuss Goncharov's approach to MPL parity and how it can be extended to a symmetry theorem of MtV's (conjectured by Hoffman) and to MMV's in the setting of Xu-Yan-Zhao.

  14. Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms in weight 6 29 August 2024, at 15:15 Beyond Multiple Zeta Values: finite versions, q-analogues, and multiple Eisenstein series Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Depth reductions of wt 6 polylogarithms slides
    Abstract:

    One of the main challenges in the study of multiple polylogarithms revolves around understanding how on many variables a multiple polylogarithm function (or `interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (``the depth''), as for example Li_{1,1} can already be expressed via Li_2. Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (``the Depth Conjecture'') for determining this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on values of the Dedekind zeta function zeta_F(m).

    I will give an overview of Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will discuss what is currently known, including recent results in weight 6, in particular: my proof of the depth reduction of a weight 6 depth 3 function under the dilogarithm symmetries x \mapsto 1-x, 1/x, and Matveiakin-Rudenko's proof of depth reduction of this function under the 5-term relation (modulo the symmetries).

  15. Depth 2 polylogs and high level coloured MZV's (Short talk for questions/discussions) 28 August 2024, at 12:00 Beyond Multiple Zeta Values: finite versions, q-analogues, and multiple Eisenstein series Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
    Abstract:

    With Gangl, Radchenko, and Rudenko we showed that every depth 2 MPL can be expressed via Li_{a+b-1,1}, with sufficiently high degree roots of unity. What does this say about the structure of high level coloured MZV's?

  16. Goncharov's programme and depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms 7 Aug 2024, at 14:30 Number Theory Lunch Seminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Depth reductions slides
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms \( \Li_{k_1,\ldots,k_d}(x_1,\ldots,x_d) \) are a class of multi-variable special functions appearing in connection with K-theory, hyperbolic geometry, values of zeta functions/L-functions/Mahler measures, mixed Tate motives, and in high-energy physics.

    One of the main challenges in the study of multiple polylogarithms revolves around understanding how on many variables a multiple polylogarithm function (or 'interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (`the depth'), as for example \( \Li_{1,1} \) can already be expressed via \( \Li_2 \). Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (`the Depth Conjecture') for determining this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on values of the Dedekind zeta function \( \zeta_F(m) \).

    I will give an overview of multiple polylogarithms, Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will try to discuss what is currently known, including recent results in weight 6, and what we are still trying to investigate.

  17. Goncharov's programme and depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms 17 Jul 2024, at 14:15 The Bielefeld Algebraic and Arithmetic Geometry Seminar 2023 Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Depth reductions notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms \( \Li_{k_1,\ldots,k_d}(x_1,\ldots,x_d) \) are a class of multi-variable special functions appearing in connection with K-theory, hyperbolic geometry, values of zeta functions/L-functions/Mahler measures, mixed Tate motives, and in high-energy physics.

    One of the main challenges in the study of multiple polylogarithms revolves around understanding how on many variables a multiple polylogarithm function (or 'interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (`the depth'), as for example \( \Li_{1,1} \) can already be expressed via \( \Li_2 \). Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (`the Depth Conjecture') for determining this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on values of the Dedekind zeta function \( \zeta_F(m) \).

    I will give an overview of multiple polylogarithms, Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will try to discuss what is currently known, including recent results in weight 6, and what we are still trying to investigate.

  18. Goncharov's programme and depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms 21 Jun 2024, at 10:30 \( \operatorname{Spec}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}(2\pi \mathrm{i})) \) Fields Institute, Toronto, Canada Depth reductions slides Fields Video
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms \( \Li_{k_1,\ldots,k_d}(x_1,\ldots,x_d) \) are a class of multi-variable special functions appearing in connection with K-theory, hyperbolic geometry, values of zeta functions/L-functions/Mahler measures, mixed Tate motives, and in high-energy physics.

    One of the main challenges in the study of multiple polylogarithms revolves around understanding how on many variables a multiple polylogarithm function (or 'interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (`the depth'), as for example \( \Li_{1,1} \) can already be expressed via \( \Li_2 \). Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (`the Depth Conjecture') for determining this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on values of the Dedekind zeta function \( \zeta_F(m) \).

    I will give an overview of multiple polylogarithms, Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will try to discuss what is currently known, including recent results in weight 6, and what we are still trying to investigate.

  19. Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms 22 Apr 2024, at 15:00 Follow-Up Workshop: "Periods in Physics, Number Theory and Algebraic Geometry" Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematica (HIM), Bonn, Germany Depth reductions notes HIM Video
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms \( \Li_{k_1,\ldots,k_d}(x_1,\ldots,x_d) \) are a class of multi-variable special functions appearing in connection with K-theory, hyperbolic geometry, values of zeta functions/L-functions/Mahler measures, mixed Tate motives, and in high-energy physics.

    One of the main challenges in the study of multiple polylogarithms revolves around understanding how on many variables a multiple polylogarithm function (or 'interesting' combinations thereof) actually depend (`the depth'), as for example \( \Li_{1,1} \) can already be expressed via \( \Li_2 \). Goncharov gave a conjectural criterion (`the Depth Conjecture') for determining this, using the motivic coproduct, as part of his programme to investigate Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture on values of the Dedekind zeta function \( \zeta_F(m) \).

    I will give an overview of multiple polylogarithms, Goncharov's Depth Conjecture, and its implications. I will try to discuss what is currently known, including recent results in weight 6, and what we are still trying to investigate.

  20. Symmmetries of weight 6 MPL's and Goncharov's Depth Cocnjecture 29 Feb 2024, at 14:30 Mathematical Aspects of \(N=4\) Super-Yang-Mills Theory Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Stony Brook, NY, USA Symmmtries of weight 6 MPL's slides Symmetries of weight 6 MPL's Video (Stony Brook)
    Abstract:

    As part of a programme to tackle Zagier's Polylogarithm Conjecture and understand the structure of multiple polylogarithms, Goncharov proposed an ambitious Depth Conjecture giving an exact criterion, in terms of the motivic cobracket, to determine when a linear combination of MPL's has a certain depth. In particular, this explains why all weight 2 and 3 multiple polylogarithms can be expressed via depth 1; it was also one of the main catalysts for simplifying the 2-loop 6-point remainder function \(R_6^{(2)}\), and expressing it purely via classical polylogarithms.

    In weight 6 depth 3, Goncharov's Depth Conjecture predicts that \(\Li_{3 ; 1,1,1}(x,y,z)\) (closely related to \(\Li_{4,1,1}(x y z, 1/x, 1/y) \)) should satisfy dilogarithm functional equations in argument, modulo terms of depth 2. Using the quadrangular polylogarithm relation, Matveiakin and Rudenko showed the 5-term part of this holds, but only by working modulo the 6-fold dilogarithm symmetries \(\Li_{3 ;1,1,1}(x,y,z) + Li_{3 ; 1,1,1}(1-x,y,z)\), and \(Li_{3;1,1,1}(x,y,z) + \Li_{3;1,1,1}(1/x,y,z)\) which they assumed would reduce to depth 2.

    I will explain how to show that \(\Li_{3 ; 1,1,1}(x,y,z)\) satisfies these 6-fold symmetries, by systematically understanding how the quadrangular polylogarithm relation degenerates to boundary components of (the compactification of) \( \mathfrak{M}_{0,9} \). Together with Matveiakin and Rudenko's proof of the 5-term part, this means Goncharov's Depth Conjecture holds in weight 6 depth 3. Finally, I can try to indicate some expectations and future directions for investigating the Depth Conjecture.

  21. Determinant formulae, Schur multiple zeta values, Basso-Dixon integrals: Is the Lemma of Lindström, Gessel & Viennot useful? 15 February 2024 at 13:00 (Informal talk) Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Bonn Determinant formulae
    Abstract:

    Informal talk about about Lemma of Lindström, Gressel and Viennot, how it is useful for determinant formulae for Schur MZV's, and whether of not it might give an approach to or generalisation of the Basso-Dixon integral formulae.

  22. New Polylogarithm Depth Reductions in Weight 5 and 6 13 Sept 2023, at 15:50 Polylogarithms, Cluster Algebras, and Scattering Amplitudes Brin Mathematics Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA New Polylogarithm Depth Reductions in Weight 5 and 6
    Abstract:

    Goncharov sketched a programme to tackle Zagier’s Polylogarithm Conjecture on \(\zeta_F(m)\) by understanding the structure of multiple polylogarithms in weight m, in particular how the motivic framework should provide a characterisation of the depth of a multiple polylogarithm by a filtration arising from iterating the coproduct/cobracket. In weights 2 and 3, this is essentially equivalent to the result that one can write every multiple polylogarithm in terms of \(\Li_2\) and \(\Li_3\) respectively. In weight 4 however, the function \(\Li_{3,1}\) (or \(I_{3,1}\) as an integral) is genuinely of depth 2 and cannot be reduced, but the framework predicts that \(I_{3,1}(\text{dilogarithm 5-term relation}, z)\) should reduce. In 2011, Gangl gave this reduction explicitly, and provided 122 \(\Li_4\) terms (whose arguments typically involved structured products of up to 4 cross-ratios) found with perspicacious experimentation and computer assistance; a conceptual derivation was given later, in 2018, by Goncharov and Rudenko as a consequence of a beautiful and simple weight 4 identity, with a cluster-geometric flavour. Since then various subsets of Matveiakin, Rudenko, Gangl, Radchenko, and myself, have worked to extend these cluster-geometric identities, and in particular the consequent depth reduction identities, to higher weight. I will report on the progress, so far, of the known depth reductions in weight 5 and weight 6, what is still left for us to do, and what this means for trying to tackle \(\zeta_F(5)\) and \(\zeta_F(6)\).

  23. Multiple polylogarithms, depth reductions and Zagier's conjecture 10 Aug 2023, at 15:00 MPI Oberseminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Multiple polylogarithms, depth reductions and Zagier's conjecture notes
    Abstract:

    Polylogarithms (and the many variable generalisation, the multiple polylogarithms) are an important class of special functions which appear in many areas of pure mathematics (K-theory, number theory, hyperbolic geometry, differential geometry, ...) and high-energy physics (computation of Feynman integrals and of scattering amplitudes, ...).

    I will give an introduction to the prominent results and conjectures on the structure of multiple polylogarithms, primarily originating with Goncharov, motivated by his programme to tackle Zagier's conjecture on special values \(\zeta_F(n)\) of the Dedekind zeta function. I will then explain some of the/our recent results (involving collaborations of various subsets of myself, Andrei Matveiakin, Danylo Radchenko, Daniil Rudenko, and Herbert Gangl), wherein they/we establish identities which reduce the depth (number of arguments) of important combinations of multiple polylogarithms. These results should be relevant for tackling Zagier's conjecture on \(\zeta_F(5)\) and \(\zeta_F(6)\).

  24. Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms: expectations, techniques, approaches 20 Jul 2023 Special semianr for REU students University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Depth reductions of multiple polylogarithms: expectations, techniques, approaches notes
    Abstract:

    An overview of the expectations, and techniques for polylogarithm depth reduction, with the reduction of \( \Li_{2,1} \) to \( \Li_3 \), and its 22-term relation corollary, as the main example.

  25. Multiple zeta values in (differential) geometry and number theory (Zoom talk) 31 May 2023, at 09:30 CEST / 15:20 CST BIMSA-BIT Differential Geometry Seminar Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications (BImsa), Beijing, China Multiple zeta values in (differential) geometry and number theory
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values are a mysterious class of real numbers that appear in many branches of pure mathematics and in theoretical physics. I will explain some of the basic theory and problems surrounding multiple zeta values (from a more algebraic or number theoretic viewpoint). I will then discuss where multiple zeta values (or slight generalisations thereof) appear some more geometric or analytic contexts, such as the area expansion of families of constant mean curvature surfaces (as studied by Heller, Heller and Traizet), or in the Dirichlet eigenvalues of regular polygons (as studied by Berghaus, Georgiev, Monien and Radchenko).

  26. Generators of multiple \(t\) values, and alternating multiple zeta values 3 May 2023, at 14:30 Number Theory Lunch Seminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany 5 June 2023, at 14:00 Oberseminar Zahlentheorie Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany Generators of multiple \(t\) values notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values, and their relatives including the multiple \(t\) values, are a prominent but mysterious class of real numbers, which appear in various areas from high energy physics and knot theory, to number theory and the periods of mixed Tate motives. I will review some work by Francis Brown, and some recent work by Takuya Murakami, on how to prove certain elements \(\zeta(\text{2's and 3's})\), and \(t(\text{2's and 3's})\), generate the space of multiple zeta values. I will then extend Murakami's work to show \(t(\text{1's and 2's})\) generate the space of multiple \(t\) values and alternating multiple zeta values, and make some progress towards Saha's conjecture that \(t(\text{1's and 2's, 2 or 3})\) are a basis for convergent MtV’s.

  27. The usefulness of two-one formulas (contribution to My Favorite Problem session) 22 March 2023, at 13:30 Geometries and Special Functions for Physics and Mathematics Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany The usefulness of two-one formulas
    Abstract:

    A short talk about the two-one formula, and its generalisations (also connected to Hirose-Sato's iterate beta integrals). These formulas trivialise many complicated evaluations, like Zagier's \(\zeta(2, \ldots, 2, 3, 2, \ldots, 2) \) evaluation. What else can they do?

  28. Multiple zeta values in block degree 2, and the period polynomial relations 5 December 2022, at 14:00 Séminaire de théorie des nombres de l'IMJ-PRG Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu-Paris Rive Gauche, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France 20 December 2022, at 11:30 Algebra seminar University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands MZVs in block degree 2, and the period polynomial relations notes An introduction to MZV's (for Introductory part of Groningen seminar)
    Abstract:

    I introduced the block decomposition on multiple zeta values in order to understand and generalise some (conjectural) families of relations. It was extended to a filtration on motivic multiple zeta values by Francis Brown and further extended by Adam Keilthy, who showed it gives a route to understanding the structure of the motivic Lie algebra. I will discuss a recent project with Keilthy where we are able to understand the structure in block degree 2 by evaluating \(\zeta(2,\ldots,2,4,2,\ldots,2)\) in terms of double zeta values, and where we showed how the famous period polynomial relations for double zeta values arise in an explicit way from the so-called block relations introduced in Keilthy’s thesis.

  29. Multiple zeta values and modular forms (Supplement to Modular forms, universal optimality and Fourier interpolation, minicourse by D. Radchenko.) 30 June 2022, at 18:10 Point Configurations: Deformations and Rigidity University College London, London, England, UK Multiple zeta values and modular forms slides MZV's and modular forms video (Youtube)
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values (MZV's) are a prominent but mysterious class of real numbers, generalising the values of the Riemann zeta function to several arguments. They appear surprisingly often in many branches of mathematics and in high energy physics. I will give a brief introduction and overview of MZV's, and then explain some work by Gangl, Kaneko and Zagier which connected modular forms with double zeta value identities.

  30. Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture and an explicit 4-ratio 23 June 2022, at 10:55 [KA2W02] Arithmetic geometry, cycles, Hodge theory, regulators, periods and heights Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, England, UK Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture and an explicit 4-ratio slides ZPC and 4-ratio video (Newton)
    Abstract:

    In his celebrated proof of Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture for weight 3 Goncharov introduced a "triple ratio", a projective invariant akin to the classical cross-ratio. He has also conjectured the existence of "higher ratios" that should play an important role for Zagier's conjecture in higher weights. Recently, Goncharov and Rudenko proved the weight 4 case of Zagier's conjecture with a somewhat indirect method where they avoided the need to define a corresponding "quadruple ratio". We propose an explicit candidate for such a "quadruple ratio" and as a by-product we get an explicit formula for the Borel regulator of \( K_7(F) \) in terms of the tetralogarithm function (joint work with H. Gangl and D. Radchenko).

  31. Functional equations for Nielsen polylogarithms 16 June 2022, at 16:30 Motives and Arithmetic Groups Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée, Strasbourg, France Functional equations for Nielsen polylogarithms slides
    Abstract:

    Nielsen polylogarithms \( S_{p,q} \) are perhaps the simplest examples of higher depth multiple polylogarithms, but beyond some simple symmetries, relatively little seems to be known about their identities and functional relations. I will report on some joint work with Herbert Gangl, and Danylo Radchenko, wherein we establish that \( S_{3,2} \) satisfies the dilogarithm 5-term relation, modulo explicit \( \Li_5 \) terms. From this we can always extract corresponding results for \( S_{3,2} \) whenever a dilogarithm identity is accessible through the 5-term relation. I will also try to give a flavour of some of our results and evaluations in higher weight, and how this 5-term relation for \( S_{3,2} \) could be useful in trying to prove Zagier's conjecture on \( \zeta_F(5) \).

  32. Computing \( \zeta(n_1,\ldots,n_r) \) numerically -- explaination of Zagier's approach and some extensions (Zoom talk) 12 May 2022, at 17:00 JST Computing Multiple Zeta Seminar Computing \( \zeta(n_1,\ldots,n_r) \) numerically slides
    Abstract:

    First, I will explain how to compute the values of truncated MZV's \( \zeta_M(n_1,\ldots,n_r) \), where we sum the terms up to some finite bound. I will point out some problems and pitfalls with the naive implementation(s) of this, and show how to do this more efficiently. Then I will discuss how to find recursively the asymptotic series which can be used to approximate the tail of \( \zeta(n_1,\ldots,n_r) \), and how to obtain a numerical value for \( \zeta(n_1,\ldots,n_r) \) from this. I will give implementations in both gp/pari and Mathematica. I will also indicate how one can extend this approach to evaluate alternating MZV's or multiple \(t\) values. (This is in some sense a continuation of the previous seminar talk.)

  33. Symmetries of multiple \( t \) values 13 April 2022, at 12:15 (part 1) 20 April 2022, at 12:15 (part 2) Seminar: Arithmetische Geometrie und Zahlentheorie Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Symmetries of multiple \( t \) values notes Applications of the symmetry theorem notes
    Abstract:

    Joint work with Michael Hoffman. We establish a symmetry theorem for multiple \( t \) values, and give some applications. arXiv:2204:14183.

  34. The Goncharov coproduct and motivic multiple zeta values 12 January 2022, at 12:15 Seminar: Arithmetische Geometrie und Zahlentheorie Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Goncharov coproduct and motivic MZV's notes
    Abstract:

    An introduction to the Goncharov coproduct on iterated integrals and motivic MZV's, with some examples of applications to transcendence questions.

  35. Generators of multiple t values, and alternating multiple zeta values 15 December 2021, at 12:15 Seminar: Arithmetische Geometrie und Zahlentheorie Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 17 December 2021, at 14:15 Number theory seminar Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Generators of multiple t values notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values, and their relatives including the multiple \(t\) values, are a prominent but mysterious class of real numbers, which appear in various areas from high energy physics and knot theory, to number theory and the periods of mixed Tate motives. I will review some work by Francis Brown, and some recent work by Takuya Murakami, on how to prove certain elements \(\zeta(\text{2's and 3's})\), and \(t(\text{2's and 3's})\), generate the space of multiple zeta values. I will then extend Murakami's work to show \(t(\text{1's and 2's})\) generate the space of multiple \(t\) values and alternating multiple zeta values, and make some progress towards Saha's conjecture that \(t(\text{1's and 2's, 2 or 3})\) are a basis for convergent MtV’s.

  36. Functional equations for Nielsen polylogarithms (Zoom talk) 6 July 2021, at 9:00 CEST / 17:00 JST JENTE seminar Functional equations for Nielsen polylogarithms annoted slides
    Abstract:

    Nielsen polylogarithms \( S_{p,q} \) are perhaps the simplest examples of higher depth multiple polylogarithms, but beyond some simple symmetries, relatively little seems to be known about their identities and functional relations. I will report on some joint work with Herbert Gangl, and Danylo Radchenko, wherein we establish that \( S_{3,2} \) satisfies the dilogarithm 5-term relation, modulo explicit \( \Li_5\) terms. From this we can always extract corresponding results for \(S_{3,2}\) whenever a dilogarithm identity is accessible through the 5-term relation. I will also try to give a flavour of some of our results and evaluations in higher weight.

  37. Multiple polylogarithms in weight 4 and weight 5 (Zoom talk) 21 April 2021, at 12:15 (part 1) 28 April 2021, at 12:15 (part 2) Seminar: Arithmetische Geometrie und Zahlentheorie Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Multiple polylogarithms in weight 4 and weight 5 slides
    Abstract:

    An introduction to multiple polylogarithms, and an in depth look at questions in weight 4 and weight 5 connected to Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture, and Goncharov's freeness conjecture.

  38. Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture and an explicit 4-ratio (Zoom talk) 22 June 2020, at 9:00 CEST / 16:00 JST MZV Seminar Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 15 July 2020, at 14:30 Number Theory Lunch Seminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Explicit 4-ratio slides
    Abstract:

    In his celebrated proof of Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture for weight 3 Goncharov introduced a "triple ratio", a projective invariant akin to the classical cross-ratio. He has also conjectured the existence of "higher ratios" that should play an important role for Zagier's conjecture in higher weights. Recently, Goncharov and Rudenko proved the weight 4 case of Zagier's conjecture with a somewhat indirect method where they avoided the need to define a corresponding "quadruple ratio". We propose an explicit candidate for such a "quadruple ratio" and as a by-product we get an explicit formula for the Borel regulator of \(K_7\) in terms of the tetralogarithm function (joint work with H. Gangl and D. Radchenko).

  39. Cluster polylogarithms and identities 5 March 2020, at 13:30 Cluster Algebras and the Geometry of Scattering Amplitudes Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinbirgh, Scotland, UK Cluster polylogarithm identities notes Cluster polylogarithm identities slides Cluster polylogarithms video (Higgs Centre)
    Abstract:

    Overview of some recent work with Gangl and Radchenko, where we found new identities in the spirit of the \( \mathbf{Q}_3 \) and \( \mathbf{Q}_4 \) identities used by Goncahrov and Rudenko for \( \zeta_F(4) \). We used these identities to establish new depth reductions in weight 5, 6 and 7.

  40. Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture and an explicit 4-ratio 29 January 2020, at 12:15 Seminar: Arithmetische Geometrie und Zahlentheorie Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 4 February 2020, at 13:00 Arithmetic Study Group Durham University, Durham, England, UK 5 February 2020, at 16:00 Heilbronn Number Theory Seminar Bristol University, Bristol, england, UK Explicit 4-ratio notes
    Abstract:

    In his celebrated proof of Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture for weight 3 Goncharov introduced a "triple ratio", a projective invariant akin to the classical cross-ratio. He has also conjectured the existence of "higher ratios" that should play an important role for Zagier's conjecture in higher weights. Recently, Goncharov and Rudenko proved the weight 4 case of Zagier's conjecture with a somewhat indirect method where they avoided the need to define a corresponding "quadruple ratio". We propose an explicit candidate for such a "quadruple ratio" and as a by-product we get an explicit formula for the Borel regulator of \(K_7\) in terms of the tetralogarithm function (joint work with H. Gangl and D. Radchenko).

  41. Clean single-valued multiple polylogarithms 9 April 2019, at 9:00 Workshop on Modular forms, periods and scattering amplitudes Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Clean single-valued MPL notes
    Abstract:

    Based on joint work with Duhr, Dulat and Gangl, we define a new class of so-called clean single-valued multiple polylogarithms \(C(a_1,\ldots,a_n;z)\). We show that these functions satisfy the same functional relations as the usual multiple polylogarithms, but with all product terms eliminated, leaving only clean functional relations. In particular, identities on the level of the symbol modulo products always lift to numerically verifiable identities between these clean functions.

  42. MZV's speed talk (Speed talk) 5 September 2018, 15:35, Speed Talks Session Elementare und Analytische Zahlentheorie Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany MZV's speed talk
    Abstract: MZV identities in 60 seconds.
  43. Cyclic insertion on MZV's and the alternating block decomposition 24 April 2018, at 14:00 Zahlentheorie Seminare Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany Cyclic insertion on MZV's and the alternating block decomposition slides Cyclic insertion on MZV's and the alternating block decomposition with notes
    Abstract:

    A generalisation of the cyclic insertion conjecture on MZV's, and progress towards a proof using the motivic MZV framework.

  44. Various aspects of (multiple) polylogs 15 March 2018, at 15:00 MPI Oberseminar Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Bonn, Germany Various aspecs of (multiple) polylogs
    Abstract:

    An introduction/overview of my research in multiple polylogarithms

  45. Bowman-Bradley type identities for symmetrised MZV's 30 January 2018, at 14:00 MZV Days at the Periods Trimester Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematics (HIM), Bonn, German Bowman-Bradley type identities for symmetrised MZV's Bowman-Bradley type identities for symmetrised MZV's video (YouTube)
    Abstract:

    Motivated by the corresponding result for finite MZV's, I will discuss a Bowman-Bradley type identity for symmetrised MZV's.

  46. Motivic MZV's and the cyclic insertion conjecture 17 January 2018, at 15:00 Workshop: Periods, and Regulators of the Periods Trimester Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematics (HIM), Bonn, German Motivic MZV's and the cyclic insertion conjecture slides Motivic MZV's and the cyclic insertion conjecture with notes Motivic MZV's and the cyclic insertion conjecture video (YouTube)
    Abstract:

    I will start by recalling two conjectural families of MZV identities proposed by Borwein-Bradley-Broadhurst-Lisonek, and by Hoffman. I will show how both of these conjectures can be unified into a larger conjectural family of identities by using the so-called block decomposition of iterated integrals introduced here.

    Using the motivic MZV framework of Brown I will show that a symmetrised version of this conjecture holds up to \( \Q \). This will give a proof of Hoffman's identity, up to \( \Q \) and an improvement of the Bowman-Bradley theorem giving some progress towards the BBBL conjecture.

  47. Relating MPL's in weight \( \geq 5 \) 11 November 2017, at 11:20 Polylogs, multiple zetas and related topics Tohoku Forum for Creativity, Tohoku University 東北大学, Sendai, Japan Relating MPL's in weight \( \geq 5 \) slides Relating MPL's in weight \( \geq 5 \) with notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple polylogarithms, a multi-variable variant of the classical polylogarithms, are important functions both in number theory, and in theoretical physics. Understanding their identities and functional equations is of considerable interest. Here we investigate some of the symmetries and relations between multiple polylogarithms at weight 5. Using an observation due to Goncharov, on the co-boundary of \( I^+_{4,1}(x,y) = \frac{1}{2} (I_{4,1}(x,y) + I_{4,1}(x,1/y)) \), we are able to obtain identities reducing certain combinations \( I^+_{4,1}(\text{ \( \Li_2 \) functional equation}, y) \) or \( I^+_{4,1}(x, \text{\( \Li_3 \) functional equation}) \) to \( \Li_5 \)'s and so obtain new functional equations for \( \Li_5 \). We can generalise this approach to weight 6 using \( I_{5,1}^+(\text{\( \Li_3 \) functional equation}, \text{\( \Li_3 \) functional equation}) = \Li_6's \) to obtain new \( \Li_6 \) functional equations. We indicate some potential approaches and partial results for higher weight \( \geq 7 \).

  48. The block decomposition of iterated integrals, and cyclic insertion on MZV's 17 October 2017, at 16:50 MZV Seminar Multiple Zeta Value Research Centre, Kyushu University 九州大学, Fukuoka, Japan The block decomposition of iterated integrals, and cyclic insertion on MZV's
    Abstract:

    As some background, I will first discuss two (conjectural) families of MZV identities -- the cyclic insertion conjecture of Borwein et al, and an identity of a similar flavour, presented by Hoffman. Using the motivic framework due to Goncharov and Brown, I will explain how one can gain some insight into the structure of these identities. I will then present a (conjectural) unification of these identities described using the so-called alternating block decomposition of iterated integrals, and prove a certain symmetrised version always holds for motivic MZV's.

  49. Cuspidal types and characters: tame parametrisation theorem 27 June 2017, at 15:15 (part 1) 4 July 2017, at 14:15 (part 2) Oberseminar Analysis und Zahlentheorie Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Cuspidal types and characters: tame parametrisation theorem notes
    Abstract:

    Section 5 of "The Local Langlands Conjecture of GL(2)", Bushnell, Henniart.

  50. Motives and multiple zeta values 5 April at 14:00 British Mathematical Colloquium Durham University, Durham, England, UK Motives and multiple zeta values slides Motives and multiple zeta values slides with notes
    Abstract:

    In this talk I will introduce multiple zeta values (MZV's), a rather mysterious class of real numbers about which many things are conjectured, but relatively little is known.

    Their analytic definition frequently causes transcendentality problems and makes understanding the structure of MZV's difficult. To circumvent these problems, we can introduce a purely algebraic lifting -- the so-called `motivic' MZV's of Goncharov, and of Brown. Motivic MZV's form a graded Hopf algebra, giving them a much more rigid structure, which we can exploit.

    I will aim to discuss some conjectural families of relations on MZV's that I have been able to better understand, and to generalise, with this motivic point of view.

  51. Computation of arithmetic cohomology Tuesday 17 January 2017, at 14:15 (part 1) Tuesday 24 January 2017, at 14:15 (part 2) Oberseminar Analysis und Zahlentheorie Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Computation of arithmetic cohomology notes
    Abstract:

    Comology of arithmetic groups seminar , on the topic of computation of arithmetic cohomology, following [Gunnels] Gunnells, Paul: Lectures on computing cohomology of arithmetic groups. Computations with modular forms, 3–45, Contrib. Math. Comput. Sci., 6, Springer, Cham, 2014.

  52. (Motivic) multiple zeta values, cyclic insertion and the block decopmosition 18 October 2016, at 14:15 25 October 2016, at 14:15 Oberseminar Analysis und Zahlentheorie Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Motivic) multiple zeta values, cyclic insertion and the block decopmosition notes
    Abstract:

    Introduction to motivic MZV's.

  53. Twisty puzzles and group theory 5 December 2015, at 16:00 Gandalf seminar Durham University, Durham, England, UK Mathematics of the Rubik's cube notes Mathematics of the Rubik's cube handout Mathematics of the Rubik's cube slides
    Abstract:

    Everyone has probably played with a Rubik's cube at some point. Some people might have even learned how to solve it. But wouldn't it be much more satisfying if you could figure out your own solution? Using the ideas of commutators and conjugation from group theory I will explain how you can do this, not only for the Rubik's cube but for various other twisty puzzle you might encounter.

    I will also bring along plenty of different puzzles for people to play with!

  54. Primes of the form \( x^2 + ny^2 \) 21 October 2015, at 16:00 Gandalf seminar Durham University, Durham, England, UK Primes of the form \( x^2 + ny^2 \) notes Primes of the form \( x^2 + ny^2 \) slides Resources from last time
    Abstract:

    Fermat's observation about which primes can be written as the sum of two squares motivates the question: which primes does a given quadratic form represent? After relating quadratic forms with ideals in quadratic fields, we show how Class Field Theory can be applied to construct general criteria describing these primes. (This talk is a very much expanded version of my fourth year project presentation.)

  55. The coproduct on multiple zeta values, and `almost' identities 20 October 2015, at 14:00 Arithmetic Study Group Durham University, Durham, England, UK The coproduct on multiple zeta values, and `almost' identities notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values are a mysterious and intriguing set of real numbers, about which many results are conjectured, but relatively little is proven. One is typically interested in finding all relations between MZVs, and completely understanding them, but transcendentality problems make this difficult to approach directly. One way to make progress with these questions is by lifting MZVs to purely algebraic objects which have additional, more rigid, structure.

    I will start by giving an introduction to MZVs and some of the various standard results about them. From here we will lift to Brown's motivic MZVs, and look at the coproduct structure they acquire. Then using this coproduct, I will show how one can sometimes get easy combinatorial proofs of `almost' identities (identities up to a non-explicit rational), even in cases where the explicit identity remains conjectural.

  56. The coproduct on multiple zeta values, and `almost' identities 7 November 2014, at 11:00 Algebra + Combinatorics Seminar Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (ICMAT), Madrid, Spain The coproduct on multiple zeta values, and `almost' identities notes
    Abstract:

    Multiple zeta values are a mysterious and intriguing set of real numbers, about which many results are conjectured, but relatively little is known. One is typically interested in finding all relations between MZVs, and completely understanding them. One way to make progress with these questions is by lifting the MZVs to purely algebraic objects which have additional, and more rigid, structure.

    In this talk I'll discuss MZVs, and the coproduct structure they acquire when lifted to motivic MZVs. Using this, I'll show how one can sometimes get easy combinatorial proofs of `almost' identities, identities up to a non-explicit factor, even in cases where the explicit identity remains conjectural.

  57. Surreal numbers 16 October 2014, at 15:00 Gandalf seminar Durham University, Durham, England, UK Surreal numbers notes
    Abstract:

    Surreal numbers were invented by Conway, and used in his study of game theory. While the definition of a surreal number is surprisingly simple, it rapidly leads to a rich and deep structure encompassing not only the usual real numbers, but infinities, infinitesimals and more. In this talk I'll give an introduction to how surreal numbers work and an overview of the some of the weirdness that ensues.

  58. Polylogarithms and double scissors congruence groups 13 February 2014, at 15:00 Gandalf seminar Durham University, Durham, England, UK 18 February 2014, at 14:00 Arithmetic Study Group Durham University, Durham, England, UK Polylogarithms and double scissors congruence groups notes
    Abstract:

    Polylogarithms are a class of special functions which have applications throughout the mathematics and physics worlds. I will begin by introducing the basic properties of polylogarithms and some reasons for interest in them, such as their functional equations and the role they play in Zagier's polylogarithm conjecture. From here I will turn to Aomoto polylogarithms, a more general class of functions and explain how they motivate a geometric view of polylogarithms as configurations of hyperplanes in \(\mathbb{P}^n\). This approach has been used by Goncharov to establish Zagier's conjecture for \(n = 3\).

  59. Multiple zeta values 24 October 2013, at 16:30 Gandalf seminar Durham University, Durham, England, UK 1 November 2013, at 14:00 St Mary's Postgraduate Talks Day St Mary's College, Durham University, Durham, England, UK Multiple zeta values notes Multiple zeta values slides
    Abstract:

    An introduction to Multiple Zeta Values, and some discussion about my research. The talk is part of a day of talks aimed at final year undergraduate students who might be considering a PhD.

  60. Local \( \zeta \)-functions - Tate's Thesis section 2.4 20 July 2013, at 14:00 Student seminar on Tate's Thesis Durham University, Durham, England, UK Local \( \zeta \)-functions notes
    Abstract:

    Section 2.4 of Tate's thesis.

  61. Primes of the form \( x^2 + ny^2 \) 28 November 2012, at 16:00 Gandalf seminar Durham University, Durham, England, UK Primes of the form \( x^2 + ny^2 \) slides Primes of the form \( x^2 + ny^2 \) notes Maple worksheets implementing some of the criteria discussed for: \( x^2 + y^2 \), \( x^2 + 2y^2 \), \( x^2 + 3y^2 \), \( x^2 + 5y^2 \), \( x^2 + 17y^2 \), \( x^2 - 2y^2 \), \( x^2 - 142y^2 \) Maple worksheet implementing the criteria for the cubic form \( a^3 + 11b^3 + 121c^3 - 33abc \) Maple worksheet to count the number of solutions to \( N = x^2 + 5y^2 \) and \( N = 2x^2 + 2xy + 3y^2 \)
    Abstract:

    Fermat's observation about which primes can be written as the sum of two squares motivates the question: which primes does a given quadratic form represent? After relating quadratic forms with ideals in quadratic fields, we show how Class Field Theory can be applied to construct general criteria describing these primes. (This talk is a very much expanded version of my fourth year project presentation.)